The Dark Web of Cryptocurrency: Unpacking the Nexus between Digital Currencies, Cybercrime, and Global Governance

Abstract

This study explores the intersection of cryptocurrency, cybercrime, and global governance. It focuses on identifying criminal techniques, analyzing forensic and regulatory countermeasures, and evaluating the broader governance dilemmas that arise. A qualitative desk-based approach was employed, synthesizing secondary data from peer-reviewed studies, institutional policy papers (FATF, IMF, Europol), and industry reports (Chainalysis, Elliptic, TRM Labs). Thematic content analysis was used to trace patterns in illicit cryptocurrency use, law enforcement responses, and regulatory innovations. The findings indicate that while advances in blockchain forensics and policy coordination have strengthened oversight, criminals increasingly exploit decentralized finance platforms, cross-chain laundering, privacy coins, and mixers to evade detection. Enforcement remains uneven, hindered by fragmented regulations and gaps in cross-border cooperation. Overall, the study concludes that cryptocurrency-enabled cybercrime remains a resilient and evolving threat that challenges the stability of the global financial system and exposes weaknesses in governance frameworks. Without stronger coordination, adaptive regulation, and robust technological capabilities, the risks of illicit finance will continue to outpace control efforts. To mitigate these risks, the study recommends enhancing cross-border collaboration, investing in advanced blockchain forensic tools, and adopting flexible, multi-stakeholder governance models that balance innovation with accountability.