Elevating Tanzania's Tourism: Integrating GIS, AR and AI for Immersive Exploration and Promotion

Main Article Content

Lazaro Inon Kumbo
Shabani Bakari Juma
Martin Ludovick Mushi

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive examination of the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Augmented Reality (AR) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in tourism promotion in Tanzania. The literature review underscores the significance of these technologies in enhancing visitor experiences, destination management, and marketing strategies. The proposed integrated system design combines GIS's spatial mapping capabilities, AI's personalised recommendations, and AR's immersive content delivery to optimise tourist satisfaction and engagement. Key components include the GIS module for spatial data management, the AI recommendation engine for personalised suggestions, and the AR interface for immersive content overlay. Discussions highlight how the proposed system, by addressing critical challenges in the tourism sector, aligns with existing research findings and reassures its effectiveness. Ultimately, the study emphasises the potential of GIS, AR and AI technologies to revolutionise tourism promotion in Tanzania, fostering sustainable growth and cultural appreciation while enhancing visitor experiences.

Article Details

How to Cite
[1]
lazaro I. Kumbo, S. B. Juma, and M. L. Mushi, “Elevating Tanzania’s Tourism: Integrating GIS, AR and AI for Immersive Exploration and Promotion”, AJERD, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 104–114, Jul. 2024.
Section
Articles

References

Wade, D. J., Mwasaga, B. & Eagles, P. F. (2001). A history and market analysis of tourism in Tanzania. Tourism Management, 22(1), 93–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5177(00)00019-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00019-4

Sinclair, A. (2012). Serengeti Story: Life and Science in the World’s Greatest Wildlife Region. Oxford University Press. [3] Wamboye, E., Nyaronga, P. J. & Sergi, B. S. (2020). What are the determinants of international Tourism in Tanzania?

World Development Perspectives, 17, 100175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2020.100175 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2020.100175

Watch Tanzania: The Royal Tour | Prime Video. (n.d.). https://www.amazon.com/Tanzania-Royal-Tour-Peter Greenberg/dp/B09Q3MWCCZ

Kyara, V. C., Rahman, M. M. & Khanam, R. (2021). Tourism expansion and economic growth in Tanzania: A causality analysis. Heliyon, 7(5), e06966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06966 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06966

Wamboye, E. (2022). A critical evaluation of Tanzania’s tourism sector. In Springer eBooks (255–318), https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75556-0_11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75556-0_11

Soward, E. & Li, J. (2021). ArcGIS Urban: an application for plan assessment. Computational Urban Science, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43762-021-00016-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43762-021-00016-9

Bozzelli, G., Raia, A., Ricciardi, S., De Nino, M., Barile, N., Perrella, M., Tramontano, M., Pagano, A. & Palombini, A. (2019). An integrated VR/AR framework for a user-centric interactive experience of cultural heritage: The ArkaeVision project. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, 15, e00124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2019.e00124 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2019.e00124

Castilla, R., Pacheco, A. & Franco, J. (2023). Digital government: Mobile applications and their impact on access to public information. SoftwareX, 22, 101382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2023.101382 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2023.101382

Lim, W. M., Jasim, K. M. & Das, M. (2024). Augmented and virtual reality in hotels: Impact on Tourist satisfaction and intention to stay and return. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 116, 103631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2023.103631 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2023.103631

Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Qadri, M. A., Singh, R. P. & Suman, R. (2022). Artificial intelligence (AI) marketing applications: A literature-based study. International Journal of Intelligent Networks, 3, 119–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijin.2022.08.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijin.2022.08.005

Van Nuenen, T. & Scarles, C. (2021). Advancements in technology and digital media in tourism. Tourist Studies, 21(1), 119–132. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797621990410 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797621990410

Lupiana, D. (2023). The digitalisation of Tanzania’s tourism industry. In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology book series (215–229). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6873-9.ch013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6873-9.ch013

Al-Ansi, A. M., Jaboob, M., Garad, A. & Al-Ansi, A. M. (2023). Analysing recent educational developments in augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR). Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 8(1), 100532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100532 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100532

Webster, P. (2024). How AI-powered handheld devices are boosting disease diagnostics - from cancer to dermatology. Nature Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41591-024-00016-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41591-024-00016-2

Magige, J. M., Jepkosgei, C. & Onywere, S. M. (2020). Use of GIS and remote sensing in tourism. In Springer eBooks (1–27). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05324-6_118-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05324-6_118-1

Dieck, M. C. T., Jung, T. & Rauschnabel, P. A. (2018). Determining visitor engagement through augmented reality at science festivals: An experience economy perspective. Computers in Human Behaviour, 82, 44–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.12.043 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.12.043

Scholz, J. & Smith, A. (2016). Augmented reality: Designing immersive experiences that maximise consumer engagement. Business Horizons, 59(2), 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2015.10.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2015.10.003

Bulchand‐Gidumal, J. (2020). Impact of artificial intelligence in travel, tourism, and hospitality. In Springer eBooks (1–20). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05324-6_110-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05324-6_110-1

Karami, Z. & Kashef, R. (2020). Thoughtful transportation planning: Data, models, and algorithms. Transportation Engineering, 2, 100013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.treng.2020.100013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.treng.2020.100013

Asadullah, A., Faik, I. & Kankanhalli, A. (2018). Digital Platforms: A review and future Directions, In Proceeding of PACIS, 2018, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327971665

Wang, L. & Li, X. (2023). The five influencing factors of tourist loyalty: A meta-analysis. PROS ONE, 18(4), e0283963. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283963 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283963

Del Valle, J. C. & Lara, F. (2023). AI-powered recommender systems and the preservation of personal autonomy. AI & SOCIETY. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01720-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01720-2

Zhang, Q., Lu, J., & Jin, Y. (2020). Artificial intelligence in recommender systems. Complex & Intelligent Systems, 7(1), 439–457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-020-00212-w DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-020-00212-w

Habil, S. G. M., El-Deeb, S. & El-Bassiouny, N. (2023). AI-Based Recommendation Systems: The ultimate solution for market prediction and targeting. In Springer eBooks (683–704). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14961-0_30 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14961-0_30

Nguyen, N. P. & Mogaji, E. (2023). Artificial intelligence for a seamless experience across channels. In Springer eBooks , 81–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33898-4_8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33898-4_8

Salemink, K., Strijker, D. & Bosworth, G. (2017). Rural development in the digital age: A Systematic literature review on unequal ICT availability, adoption, and use in rural areas. Journal of Rural Studies, 54, 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.09.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.09.001

Ferrari, A., Bacco, M., Gaber, K., Jedlitschka, A., Hess, S., Kaipainen, J., Koltsida, P., Toli, E. & Brunori, G. (2022). Drivers, barriers, and impacts of digitalisation in rural areas from the viewpoint of experts. Information & Software Technology, 145, 106816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2021.106816 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2021.106816

Li, L., Ban, H., Wechsler, S. P. & Xu, B. (2018). Spatial data uncertainty. In Elsevier eBooks, 313–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.09610-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.09610-X

Radovanović, D. (2023). I am rethinking digital literacy. In Springer eBooks, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30808-6_1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30808-6_1

Bacalja, A., Beavis, C. & O’Brien, A. (2022). Shifting landscapes of digital literacy. The Australian Journal of Language and Literacy, 45(2), 253–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44020-022-00019-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44020-022-00019-x

Pelzang, R. & Hutchinson, A. M. (2018). We are establishing cultural integrity in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 17(1), 160940691774970. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917749702 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917749702

Ioannou, A., Tussyadiah, I. & Miller, G. (2020). That is private! Understanding travellers’ privacy Concerns and online data disclosure. Journal of Travel Research, 60(7), 1510–1526. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520951642 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520951642

Gong, Y. & Schroeder, A. (2022). A systematic literature review of data privacy and security research on smart tourism. Tourism Management Perspectives, 44, 101019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2022.101019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2022.101019

Bazargani, J. S., Zafari, M., Sadeghi‐Niaraki, A. & Choi, S. (2022). A survey of GIS and AR integration: Applications. Sustainability, 14(16), 10134. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610134 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610134

Zigah, E., Barry, M. & Creti, A. (2022). Are Mini-Grid projects in Tanzania financially sustainable? In Energiepolitik und Klimaschutz , 233–261, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38215-5_10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38215-5_10

Amović, G., Maksimović, R. & Bunčić, S. (2020). Critical Success Factors for Sustainable Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in transition conditions: an empirical study in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sustainability, 12(17), 7121. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12177121 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12177121

Costa, D. G., Bittencourt, J. C. N., Oliveira, F., Peixoto, J. P. J. & Jesus, T. C. (2024). Achieving Sustainable Smart Cities through Geospatial Data-Driven Approaches. Sustainability, 16(2), 640. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020640 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020640

Golightly, L., Chang, V., Xu, Q., Gao, X. & Liu, B. S. (2022). Adoption of cloud computing as innovation in the organisation. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 14, 184797902210939. https://doi.org/10.1177/18479790221093992 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/18479790221093992

Most read articles by the same author(s)