Investigating the Pozzolanic Properties of Canarium schweinfurthii (‘Atili’) Seed Shell Ash as Partial Replacement for Cement in Concrete
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Ethnomedicinal, insecticidal, biological and other non-engineering uses of Canarium seed have been identified but little or no engineering uses have been explored. This research investigates the effect of Canarium schweinfurthii Seed shell Ash (CSSA) on the mechanical properties of concrete. CSSA was obtained after calcination of Canarium schweinfurthii seed shell at 4000C, 7000C and 1000 0C. X-ray Florescence (XRF) analysis carried out revealed the best sample of CSSA to be used for this work, and found to be a Class C pozzolana, which contains 51.21% of (SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3). The compressive and flexural strengths were determined at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The workability of the concrete was found to have dropped with the increment in the percentage of CSSA in the concrete. The compressive strength and flexural strength of the concrete cubes declined with the increment in the percentage of CSSA in the concrete. The compressive strength of the CSSA concrete after each curing age for the control and all the different percentages of CSSA replacement all met the minimum requirement for the characteristic strength (20 N/mm2). From the result, the reduction in compressive strength of the concrete at 28 days is between 0% and 5%, with the optimal increment in the strength achieved at 10% CSSA. The flexural strength of the CSSA concrete reduces drastically with increment in the CSSA content across all the curing ages, having an optimal replacement at 5% CSSA replacement.
Article Details
References
Li, Z. (2011). Advanced Concrete Technology. John Wiley & Sons Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470950067
Yan, L. & Chouw, N. (2014). Natural FRP tube confined fibre reinforced concrete under pure axial compression: A comparison with glass/carbon FRP. Thin-Walled Structures, 82, 159-169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2014.04.013
Awal, A. A. & Mohammadhosseini, H. (2016). Green concrete production incorporating waste carpet fiber and palm oil fuel ash. Journal of Cleaner Production, 137, 157-166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.162
Poutos, K. & Nwaubani, S. (2013). Strength development of concrete made with recycled glass aggregates subjected to frost curing conditions. International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management, 2(2), 19-28.
Martos, M. A. & Sousa-Coutinho, J. (2012). Durability of Mortar using Waste Glass Powder as Cement Replacement. Construction and Building Materials, 36, 205-215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.027
Krishna, N. K., Sandeep, S. & Mini, K. M. (2016). Study on concrete with partial replacement of cement by rice husk ash. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 149(1), 012109, DOI:10.1088/1757-899X/149/1/012109. IOP Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/149/1/012109
Sani, J. E., Afolayan, J. O., Wilson, U. N, Eze, O. C. & Nyeri, J. (2020). Experimental investigation of the effect of Sisal Fiber on the partially replaced cement with groundnut shell ash in concrete. J. Build Mater. Struct. 7, 255-261. DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.4432898. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34118/jbms.v7i2.775
Wilson U. N, Sani, J. E, Adefila, A. A. & Mohammed, I. S. (2021). Thermal resistance Evaluation of Raffia Palm Ash Concrete J. Appl. Sci. Environ Manage., 25(2), 459-465. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i3.23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i3.23
Wilson, U. N, Gambo, Z., Mohammed, I. S., Eze, O. C. & Odeyemi, S.O (2021). Pozzolanic properties of white cowpea husk Ash J. Build. Mater. Struct. 8, 93-102. DOI : 10.34118/jbms.v8i2.1375. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34118/jbms.v8i2.1375
Orwa, C., Mutua, A., Kindt, R., Jamnadass, R. & Anthony, S. (2009). Agro forestry Database: a tree reference and selection guide version .4.0 (http://worldagroforestry.org/sites trees/tree dabases.asp)
NIS 444-1. (2003). Composition, Specifications and Conformity Criteria for Common Cements. Nigeria Industrial Standards; Standards Organisation of Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria.
BS 882. (1992). Specification for Aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete. British Standard BSI Group Headquarters 389 Ciswick High Road, London, W4 4Al, UK, Standards Policy and Strategy Committee.
ASTM C618 (2008). Standard Specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete. America Standard of Testing Materials International, West Conshohocken.
BS 1377:2 . (1990). Methods of Test for Soil for Civil Engineering Purposes. British Standard BSI Group Headquarters 389 Ciswick High Road, London, W4 4Al, UK, Standards Policy and Strategy Committee.
ASTM C786-96 (2003). Standard Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement and Raw materials. British Standard BSI Group Headquarters 389 Ciswick High Road, London, W4 4Al, UK, Standards Policy and Strategy Committee.
BS 812-103.1. (1985). Methods for Determination of Particle Size Distribution section 103.1 sieve tests. British Standard BSI Group Headquarters 389 Ciswick High Road, London, W4 4Al, UK, Standards Policy and Strategy Committee.
ASTM C33 (2008). Standard Specification for concrete aggregate. America Standard of Testing Materials International, West Conshohocken.
BS: 12 (1990). Specification for Portland cement British Standard BSI Group Headquarters 389 Ciswick High Road, London, W4 4Al, UK, Standards Policy and Strategy Committee.
Olukotun, A., Audu, M. T., Obafaye, B. J., Abiodun, E. O. & Oseni, O.W. (2019). Partial Replacement of cement with corn cob ash A-Review. Global Scientific Journals, 7(11), 82-87.
Afolayan, J. O., Wilson, U. N. & Zaphaiah, B. (2019). Effect of sisal fibre on partially replaced cement with periwinkles shell Ash (PSA) . J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage.. 23(4), 715-719. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v23i4.22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v23i4.22
BS 8110: 1985. Structural Use of Concrete- Part 2: Code of Practice for Special Circumstances”, British Standard Institution, London.