Comparative Analysis of the Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic and Silver Nitrate synthesized Extract of Mango Leaf and Bark against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Samples
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background/Aim: Nano-sized particles are recently being explored to improve delivery and efficacy of various medicinal. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of the leaf and bark of Mangifera indica against two selected clinical isolates (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). Materials and Methods: The active constituents from the powdered leaf and bark was extracted via use of ethanol (70%). Silver nanoparticles were prepared by green synthesis technique using Mangifera indica (Mango leaf and bark) while UV–Vis spectroscopy was used for its characterization. Antibacterial profile of the isolates with standard antibiotics as well as the antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was determined using disk and agar diffusion method. Results: The results showed that the bark and leaf extracts of M. indica had significant antibacterial activity against the isolates when compared to standard antibiotics such as Cloxacillin, Augmentin, Ceftraroline and Ceftriazone while Ofloxacine had highest activity of 20 mm and 23 mm for S. aureus and E. coli respectively. Ethanol extracts showed highest inhibition at 23mm (bark) and 15mm (leaf). The band energy of the synthesized nanoparticle was calculated as 393 nm from UV–Vis, which confirmed the Ag nanoparticles. The AgNo3 displayed significant antibacterial activity against E. coli (10mm) and S. aureus (13mm). The result indicated that the AgNo3 antibacterial activity was higher against S. aureus than against E. coli. Conclusion: This study reveals significant antibacterial activity of crude mango leaf and bark extract as well as silver nanoparticle against the clinical isolates in comparison to some standard antibiotics. Further study on the extraction of the bioactive agent in the plant is required to provide a variety of novel components for drug discovery.
Article Details
Authors hold the copyright of all published articles except otherwise stated.
References
Al-marzook, F.A. and Omran, R. (2017). Cytotoxic activity of alkaloid extracts of different plants against breast cancer cell line. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 10,168–71.
Anibijuwon, I.I., Adetutu A., Suleiman, M.M., Olafimihan, C.A. and Olanrewaju, S.O. (2020). Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella typhi among Out-Patients in Hospitals within Ilorin, Nigeria and their Susceptibility to Cymbopogon Citratus (Lemon grass). Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (NJPAS) 33(1), 3628-3638. http://dx.doi.org/10.48198/NJPAS/20.A16
Dieu-Hien, T., Dinh, H.N., Nhat, T.A., Ta, A., Tuong H.D. and Hoang, C.N. (2019). Evaluation of the Use of Different Solvents for Phytochemical Constituents, Antioxidants, and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Severinia buxifolia. Journal of Food Quality 9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8178294
Farouk, L. A., Laroubi, R. A., Benharref, A. and Chait, A. (2009). Antinociceptive activity of various extracts of Peganum harmala L. and possible mechanism of action. Iranian J. Pharmacol. Therap 8, 29-35.
Geetha, T.S. and Geetha, N. (2014). Phytochemical Screening, Quantitative Analysis of Primary and Secondary Metabolites of Cymbopogan citratus (DC) stapf. leaves from Kodaikanal hills, Tamilnadu. International Journal of Pharm Tech Research 6, 521-529.
Hajipour, M.J., Katharina, M. F., Ali, A.A., Dorleta, J.A., Idoia R.L., Teofilo, R., Vahid, S., Wolfgang, J.P. and Morteza, M. (2012). Antibacterial properties of nanoparticles. Trends in Biotechnology. 1-13.
Jeyachandran, R., Baskaran, X. and Cindrella, L. (2010). Screening of phytochemical and
Antibacterial potential of four Indian medicinal plants, Libyan Agriculture
Research Center Journal Internation. Tripoli 1(5), 301-306.
Jordan, H., Kailyn, S. and Jason, D. (2015). Energy Education - Band gap [Online]. Available: https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Band_gap. [Accessed: May 16, 2022]
Kumar, S., and Pandey, A. K. (2013). Chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids: an overview. The Scientific World Journal, 162750. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/162750
Ncube, N.S., Afolayan, A.J. and Okoh, A. (2007). Assessment techniques of antimicrobial
properties of natural compounds of plant origin: Current methods and future
trends. African Journal of biotechnology 7(12), 1797-1806.
Olajuyigbe, O.O. and Afolayan, A.J. (2012). Antimicrobial potency of the ethanolic
crude bark extract of Ziziphus mucronata wild. subsp. mucronata wild.
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Pretoria 6(10), 724-730
Panche, A. N., Diwan, A. D., and Chandra, S. R. (2016). Flavonoids: an overview. Journal of nutritional science 5, e47. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2016.41
Shahcheraghi, N., Golchin, H., Sadri, Z., Yasaman, T., Forough, B. and Shadi, M. (2022). Nano-biotechnology, an applicable approach for sustainable future. Biotech 12, 65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-021-03108-9.
Suleiman, M.M., Ogah, I.J., Okobia, B., Adeyemi, O.A., Olatunji, K.T. and Ige, I.M. (2016). A review on the antibacterial properties of extracts from Psidium spp and the effects of the extraction solvents. Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry 5(3), 47-56.
Vineetha, M.S., Bhavya, J., Mirjakar, K.M. and More, S.S. (2014). In vitro evaluation of active phytochemicals from Tabernaemontana alternifolia (Roxb) root against the Naja naja and Echis carinatus Indian snake venom. J. Biol. Active Prod. Nature 4 (4), 286–294.
Woo, K. J., Hye, C.K., Ki, W.K., Sook, S., So, H.K. and Yong, H.P. (2008). Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of the Silver Ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. ASM Journals 74, 7 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02001-07
Xing, Y., Liao, X., Liu, X., Li, W., Huang, R., Tang, J., Xu, Q., Li, X., and Yu, J. (2021). Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized with the Peel Extract of Mango. Materials (Basel, Switzerland) 14(19), 5878. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195878