Gravimetric Profile of Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacterial and Fungal Isolates from Contaminated Soil Samples in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
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Published:
Dec 23, 2021
Keywords:
Hydrocarbon, Contaminated soils, Bacteria, Fungi, Degradation, Gravimetric analyses
Main Article Content
Abstract
One of the biological compounds limiting soil water retention capacity is oil when present due to its hydro-nature. However, some
microorganisms exhibit the capacity to degrade oil as a source of carbon, whereby the soil quality is retained and enhanced. Hence,
the gravimetric profile of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria and fungi isolated from oil contaminated soil samples was investigated.
Soil samples were collected from surface and 10m depth from six different mechanic workshops and generator sites. The pour
plate technique was used to isolate the microorganisms. All pure isolates were sub-cultured using Bushnell Haas agar and the
isolated bacteria were identified by their morphological and biochemical characteristics. The soil samples pH range was 4.3 -
6.4. Bacteria isolated included Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp., Microccocus spp., Acinetobacter spp., and Bacillus spp.
The fungi isolated included Aspergillus spp., Rhizopus spp., Candida spp., Trichoderma spp. and Penicillium spp. Degradation of
kerosene, diesel, crude oil, engine oil, and spent engine oil was allowed using Acinetobacter baumanni, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis,
and S. aureus. Gravimetric analyses were used to determine the percentage of petroleum hydrocarbon degraded by bacterial
isolates. The highest percentage of degradation was between P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa degraded
97.4% diesel, 88.2% kerosene, 71.3% crude oil, 80.7% engine oil and 78.2% spent engine oil; while Bacillus subtilis degraded
71% diesel, 97% kerosene, 89.6% crude oil, 87% engine oil and 72.6% spent engine oil. This study revealed that bacterial and
fungal isolates from oil contaminated soils exhibited the potentials to degrade oil and bioremediation using these microorganisms
was possible.
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Idris, O. O., Ogunmefun, O. T., & Tuesimi, C. N. (2021). Gravimetric Profile of Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacterial and Fungal Isolates from Contaminated Soil Samples in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. ABUAD International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 1(1), 8–17. https://doi.org/10.53982/aijnas.2021.0101.02-j
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References
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and Maied, S. K. (2019). Bio-degradation of crude
oil using local bacterial isolates. International
Conference on Agricultural Sciences (IOP)
Conference Series: Earth and Environmental
Science, 388 012081. doi:10.1088/1755-
1315/388/1/012081
Adegbola, G. M., Eniola, K. I. T. and Opasola,
O. A. (2014). Isolation and identification of
indigenous hydrocarbon tolerant bacteria from soil
contaminated with used engine oil in Ogbomoso,
Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science Research,
5(3): 420-422.
Adenipekun, C. O. and Isikhuemhen, O. S. (2008).
Bioremediation of Engine Oil Polluted Soil
by the Tropical White Rot Fungus, Lentinus
squarrosulus Mont. (Singer). Pakistan Journal
of Biological Sciences, 11(12): 1634-1637.
doi:10.3923/pjbs.2008.1634.1637
Akoachere, J. T. K., Akenji, T. N., Yongabi, N. F.,
Nkwelang, G. and Ndip, R. N. (2008). Lubricating
oil-degrading bacteria in soils from filling stations
and auto-mechanic workshops in Buea, Cameroon:
occurrence and characteristics of isolates. Africa
Journal of Biotechnology, 7(11): 1700-1706.
doi:10.5897/AJB08.734
Atlas, R. M. and Cerniglia, C.E. (1995). Bioremediation
of petroleum pollutants. Bioscience, 45: 332-338.
doi:10.2307/1312494
Barnes, N. M., Khodse, V. B., Lotlikar, N. P., Meena,
R. M. and Damare, S. R. (2018). Bioremediation
potential of hydrocarbon-utilizing fungi from select
marine niches of India. 3 Biotechnology, 8(1): 21.
doi:10.1007/s13205-017-1043-8
Bergey, D. H., Krieg, N. R. and Holt, J. G.
(1984). Bergey’s Manual of Systematic
Bacteriology. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
Bertrand, J. C., Almallah, M., Acquaviva, M. and
Mille G. (1990). Biodegradation of hydrocarbons
by an extremely halophilic archaebacterium.
Letters in Applied Microbiology, 11(5): 260-263.
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.1990.tb 00176.x
Bharti, P. and Irfan, M. (2011) Pseudomonas
aeruginosa is present in crude oil contaminated soil
of Barmer region (India). Journal of Bioremediation
and Biodegradation, 2(5): 129. doi:10.4172/2155-
6199.1000129
Bundy, J. G., Paton, G. I. and Campbell, C. D.
(2002). Microbial Communities in different soil
types do not coverage after diesel contamination.
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 92(2): 276-288.
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01528.x
Cattaneo, M. V., Masson, C. and Greer, C. W.
(1997). The influence of moisture on microbial
transport, survival and 2, 4-D biodegradation with
a genetically marked Burkholderia cepacia in
unsaturated soil columns. Biodegradation, 8(2):87-
96. doi:10.1023/A:1008236401342
Dayamrita, K. K., Divya, K. K., Sreelakshmi, R.,
Arjun, E. J. and John, F. (2020). Isolation and
characterization of hydrocarbon degrading
bacteria from oil contaminated soil – Potential for
biosurfactant assisted bioremediation. International
Conference on Science and Technology of Advanced
Materials: Stam 20. doi:10.1063/5.0017395
Guru, G. S., Gohel, H. R., Panchal, M. R., Ghosh,
S. K. and Braganza, V. B. (2013). Isolation, and
enrichment of microbes for degradation of crude
oil. International Journal of Engineering Science
and Innovative Technology, 2(4): 144-147.
Hamza, A., Rabu, A., Amzy, R. F. H. and Yussoff, N.
A. (2010). Isolation and characterization of bacteria
degrading Sumandak and South Angsi oils. Sains
Malaysiana, 39(2): 161-168.
Ijah, U. J. J. and Antai, S. P. (2003). The Potential
use of chicken droppings microorganisms for oil
spill remediation. The Environmentalist, 23: 89-95.
doi:10.1023/A:1022947727324
Ijah, U. J. J. and Okang, C. N. (1993). Petroleumdegrading
Capabilities of Bacteria isolated from
Soil. West African Journal of Biological and
Applied Chemistry, 38(1-4): 9-15.
Jyothi K., Surendra, B. K., Nancy, C. K. and Amita, K.
(2012). Identification and isolation of hydrocarbon
degrading bacteria by molecular characterization.
Helix, 2: 105-111.
Larone, D. and Ryan, K. J. (2003). Medically Important
Fungi: A Guide to Identification, 4th Edition
Latha, R. and Kalaivani, R. (2012). Bacterial
degradation of crude oil by gravimetric analysis.
Advances in Applied Science Research, 3(5): 2789-
2795.
Mokhatab, S. (2006) Principles of Applied
Reservoir Simulation, 3rd Edition. Petroleum
Science and Technology, 24(12):1485-1486.
doi:10.1080/10916460601089020
Nazina, T. N., Grigor’yan, A. A., Shestakova, N.
M., et al. (2007). Microbiological investigations
of high temperature horizons of the Kongdian
petroleum reservoir in connection with field
trial of a biotechnology for enhancement of oil
recovery. Microbiology, 76:287-296 doi:10.1134/
S0026261707030058
Nrior, R. and Jirigwa, C. (2017). Comparative
bioremediation potential of Mucor racemosus and
Paecilomyces variotii on crude oil spill site in GioTai, Ogoni land. IOSR Journal of Environmental
Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSRJESTFT),
11(10): 49-57. doi:10.9790/2402-
1110014957.
Ohanmu, E. O., Bako, S. P., Ohanmu, E. and Ohanmu,
O. O. (2019). Environmental implications,
properties and attributes of crude oil in the oilproducing
states of Nigeria. Ecologia, 9(1): 1-9.
doi: 10.3923/ecologia.2019.1.9
Okoh, A. I. (2006). Biodegradation alternative in
the cleanup of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants
Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Reviews,
1(2): 38-50. doi:10.5897/BMBR.9000002
Okpokwasili, G. C. and Odokuma LO. (1996).
Tolerance of Nitrobacter to toxicity of
hydrocarbon fuels. Journal of Petroleum Science
and Engineering, 16:89-93. doi:10.1016/0920-
4105(96)00009-5
Okpokwasili, G. C. and Odokuma, L. O. (1990).
Effect of salinity on biodegradation of oil spill
dispersant. Waste Management, 10 (2): 141-146.
doi:10.1016/0956-053X(90)90118-5
Panda, S. K., Kar, R. N. and Panda, C. R. (2013).
Isolation and identification of petroleum
hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms from oil
contaminated environment. International Journal
of Environmental Sciences, 3(5): 1314-1321.
doi:10.6088/ijes.2013030500001
Prince, R. (2002). Bioremediation effectiveness:
removing hydrocarbons while minimizing
environmental impact. Exxon Mobil Research
and Engineering. Hand-out at DOE/PERF –
Bioremediation Workshop.
Rahman, K. S. M., Banat, I. M., Thahira, J.,
Thayamanavan, T. and Lakshmanaperumalsamy, P.
(2002). Bioremediation of gasoline contaminated
soil by a bacterial consortium amended with poultry
litter, coir pith, and rhamnolipid biosurfactant.
Bioresource Technology, 81(1): 25-32.
doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00105-5
Saadoun, I. (2002). Isolation and characterization
of bacteria from crude oil contaminated soil and
their potential to degrade diesel fuel. Journal
of Basic Microbiology, 42(6): 420-428.
doi:10.1002/1521-4028(200212)42: 6<420::AIDJOBM420>
3.0.CO;2-W
Stafford, S., Berwick, P., Hughes, D. E. and Stafford,
D. A. (1982). Oil degradation in hydrocarbons
and oil stressed environments. pp: 591–612. In
Experimental Microbial Ecology, ed. by R. G. Burns
and J. H. Sater, Blackwell Scientific, London, U.K.
Szulc, A., Ambrożewicz, D., Sydow, M., et al.
(2014). The influence of bioaugmentation and
biosurfactant addition on bioremediation efficiency of diesel-oil contaminated soil: feasibility during
field studies. Journal of Environmental Management,
132:121–128. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.11.006
Vigneshpriya, D., Krishnaveni, N. and Renganathan,
S. (2017). Marine brown macroalga Sargassum
wightii as novel biosorbent for removal of brilliant
green dye from aqueous solution: kinetics,
equilibrium isotherm modeling and phytotoxicity
of treated and untreated dye. Desalination and
Water Treatment, 78: 300–312. doi: 10.5004/
dwt.2017.20884
Wolicka, D. and Borkowski, A. (2011) Participation
of CaCO3 under Sulphate–reduction condition.
Reitner et al., Advances in Stromatolite Geobiology,
Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, 131:151-160
Wolicka, D., Suszek, A., Borkowski, A. and Bielecka,
A. (2009) Application of aerobic microorganisms
in bioremediation in situ of soil contaminated by
petroleum products, Bioresource Technology, 100(13):
3221-3227. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.020
Wong, W. Y., Flik, G., Groenen, P. M., Swinkels,
D. W., et al. (2001). The impact of calcium,
magnesium, zinc, and copper in blood and seminal
plasma on semen parameters in men. Reproductive
Toxicology, 15(2): 131-136. doi: 10.1016/s0890-
6238(01)00113-7
and Maied, S. K. (2019). Bio-degradation of crude
oil using local bacterial isolates. International
Conference on Agricultural Sciences (IOP)
Conference Series: Earth and Environmental
Science, 388 012081. doi:10.1088/1755-
1315/388/1/012081
Adegbola, G. M., Eniola, K. I. T. and Opasola,
O. A. (2014). Isolation and identification of
indigenous hydrocarbon tolerant bacteria from soil
contaminated with used engine oil in Ogbomoso,
Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science Research,
5(3): 420-422.
Adenipekun, C. O. and Isikhuemhen, O. S. (2008).
Bioremediation of Engine Oil Polluted Soil
by the Tropical White Rot Fungus, Lentinus
squarrosulus Mont. (Singer). Pakistan Journal
of Biological Sciences, 11(12): 1634-1637.
doi:10.3923/pjbs.2008.1634.1637
Akoachere, J. T. K., Akenji, T. N., Yongabi, N. F.,
Nkwelang, G. and Ndip, R. N. (2008). Lubricating
oil-degrading bacteria in soils from filling stations
and auto-mechanic workshops in Buea, Cameroon:
occurrence and characteristics of isolates. Africa
Journal of Biotechnology, 7(11): 1700-1706.
doi:10.5897/AJB08.734
Atlas, R. M. and Cerniglia, C.E. (1995). Bioremediation
of petroleum pollutants. Bioscience, 45: 332-338.
doi:10.2307/1312494
Barnes, N. M., Khodse, V. B., Lotlikar, N. P., Meena,
R. M. and Damare, S. R. (2018). Bioremediation
potential of hydrocarbon-utilizing fungi from select
marine niches of India. 3 Biotechnology, 8(1): 21.
doi:10.1007/s13205-017-1043-8
Bergey, D. H., Krieg, N. R. and Holt, J. G.
(1984). Bergey’s Manual of Systematic
Bacteriology. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
Bertrand, J. C., Almallah, M., Acquaviva, M. and
Mille G. (1990). Biodegradation of hydrocarbons
by an extremely halophilic archaebacterium.
Letters in Applied Microbiology, 11(5): 260-263.
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.1990.tb 00176.x
Bharti, P. and Irfan, M. (2011) Pseudomonas
aeruginosa is present in crude oil contaminated soil
of Barmer region (India). Journal of Bioremediation
and Biodegradation, 2(5): 129. doi:10.4172/2155-
6199.1000129
Bundy, J. G., Paton, G. I. and Campbell, C. D.
(2002). Microbial Communities in different soil
types do not coverage after diesel contamination.
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 92(2): 276-288.
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01528.x
Cattaneo, M. V., Masson, C. and Greer, C. W.
(1997). The influence of moisture on microbial
transport, survival and 2, 4-D biodegradation with
a genetically marked Burkholderia cepacia in
unsaturated soil columns. Biodegradation, 8(2):87-
96. doi:10.1023/A:1008236401342
Dayamrita, K. K., Divya, K. K., Sreelakshmi, R.,
Arjun, E. J. and John, F. (2020). Isolation and
characterization of hydrocarbon degrading
bacteria from oil contaminated soil – Potential for
biosurfactant assisted bioremediation. International
Conference on Science and Technology of Advanced
Materials: Stam 20. doi:10.1063/5.0017395
Guru, G. S., Gohel, H. R., Panchal, M. R., Ghosh,
S. K. and Braganza, V. B. (2013). Isolation, and
enrichment of microbes for degradation of crude
oil. International Journal of Engineering Science
and Innovative Technology, 2(4): 144-147.
Hamza, A., Rabu, A., Amzy, R. F. H. and Yussoff, N.
A. (2010). Isolation and characterization of bacteria
degrading Sumandak and South Angsi oils. Sains
Malaysiana, 39(2): 161-168.
Ijah, U. J. J. and Antai, S. P. (2003). The Potential
use of chicken droppings microorganisms for oil
spill remediation. The Environmentalist, 23: 89-95.
doi:10.1023/A:1022947727324
Ijah, U. J. J. and Okang, C. N. (1993). Petroleumdegrading
Capabilities of Bacteria isolated from
Soil. West African Journal of Biological and
Applied Chemistry, 38(1-4): 9-15.
Jyothi K., Surendra, B. K., Nancy, C. K. and Amita, K.
(2012). Identification and isolation of hydrocarbon
degrading bacteria by molecular characterization.
Helix, 2: 105-111.
Larone, D. and Ryan, K. J. (2003). Medically Important
Fungi: A Guide to Identification, 4th Edition
Latha, R. and Kalaivani, R. (2012). Bacterial
degradation of crude oil by gravimetric analysis.
Advances in Applied Science Research, 3(5): 2789-
2795.
Mokhatab, S. (2006) Principles of Applied
Reservoir Simulation, 3rd Edition. Petroleum
Science and Technology, 24(12):1485-1486.
doi:10.1080/10916460601089020
Nazina, T. N., Grigor’yan, A. A., Shestakova, N.
M., et al. (2007). Microbiological investigations
of high temperature horizons of the Kongdian
petroleum reservoir in connection with field
trial of a biotechnology for enhancement of oil
recovery. Microbiology, 76:287-296 doi:10.1134/
S0026261707030058
Nrior, R. and Jirigwa, C. (2017). Comparative
bioremediation potential of Mucor racemosus and
Paecilomyces variotii on crude oil spill site in GioTai, Ogoni land. IOSR Journal of Environmental
Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSRJESTFT),
11(10): 49-57. doi:10.9790/2402-
1110014957.
Ohanmu, E. O., Bako, S. P., Ohanmu, E. and Ohanmu,
O. O. (2019). Environmental implications,
properties and attributes of crude oil in the oilproducing
states of Nigeria. Ecologia, 9(1): 1-9.
doi: 10.3923/ecologia.2019.1.9
Okoh, A. I. (2006). Biodegradation alternative in
the cleanup of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants
Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Reviews,
1(2): 38-50. doi:10.5897/BMBR.9000002
Okpokwasili, G. C. and Odokuma LO. (1996).
Tolerance of Nitrobacter to toxicity of
hydrocarbon fuels. Journal of Petroleum Science
and Engineering, 16:89-93. doi:10.1016/0920-
4105(96)00009-5
Okpokwasili, G. C. and Odokuma, L. O. (1990).
Effect of salinity on biodegradation of oil spill
dispersant. Waste Management, 10 (2): 141-146.
doi:10.1016/0956-053X(90)90118-5
Panda, S. K., Kar, R. N. and Panda, C. R. (2013).
Isolation and identification of petroleum
hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms from oil
contaminated environment. International Journal
of Environmental Sciences, 3(5): 1314-1321.
doi:10.6088/ijes.2013030500001
Prince, R. (2002). Bioremediation effectiveness:
removing hydrocarbons while minimizing
environmental impact. Exxon Mobil Research
and Engineering. Hand-out at DOE/PERF –
Bioremediation Workshop.
Rahman, K. S. M., Banat, I. M., Thahira, J.,
Thayamanavan, T. and Lakshmanaperumalsamy, P.
(2002). Bioremediation of gasoline contaminated
soil by a bacterial consortium amended with poultry
litter, coir pith, and rhamnolipid biosurfactant.
Bioresource Technology, 81(1): 25-32.
doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00105-5
Saadoun, I. (2002). Isolation and characterization
of bacteria from crude oil contaminated soil and
their potential to degrade diesel fuel. Journal
of Basic Microbiology, 42(6): 420-428.
doi:10.1002/1521-4028(200212)42: 6<420::AIDJOBM420>
3.0.CO;2-W
Stafford, S., Berwick, P., Hughes, D. E. and Stafford,
D. A. (1982). Oil degradation in hydrocarbons
and oil stressed environments. pp: 591–612. In
Experimental Microbial Ecology, ed. by R. G. Burns
and J. H. Sater, Blackwell Scientific, London, U.K.
Szulc, A., Ambrożewicz, D., Sydow, M., et al.
(2014). The influence of bioaugmentation and
biosurfactant addition on bioremediation efficiency of diesel-oil contaminated soil: feasibility during
field studies. Journal of Environmental Management,
132:121–128. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.11.006
Vigneshpriya, D., Krishnaveni, N. and Renganathan,
S. (2017). Marine brown macroalga Sargassum
wightii as novel biosorbent for removal of brilliant
green dye from aqueous solution: kinetics,
equilibrium isotherm modeling and phytotoxicity
of treated and untreated dye. Desalination and
Water Treatment, 78: 300–312. doi: 10.5004/
dwt.2017.20884
Wolicka, D. and Borkowski, A. (2011) Participation
of CaCO3 under Sulphate–reduction condition.
Reitner et al., Advances in Stromatolite Geobiology,
Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, 131:151-160
Wolicka, D., Suszek, A., Borkowski, A. and Bielecka,
A. (2009) Application of aerobic microorganisms
in bioremediation in situ of soil contaminated by
petroleum products, Bioresource Technology, 100(13):
3221-3227. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.020
Wong, W. Y., Flik, G., Groenen, P. M., Swinkels,
D. W., et al. (2001). The impact of calcium,
magnesium, zinc, and copper in blood and seminal
plasma on semen parameters in men. Reproductive
Toxicology, 15(2): 131-136. doi: 10.1016/s0890-
6238(01)00113-7