Exploring the in-vitro and in-vivo trapanosomal Activities of Gacinia kola (Bitter kola) Seed Aqueous Extract using Animal Models Trypsnosomal

Abstract

Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) is a significant disease of economic and public health importance caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambianse parasite that affects humans. In 2014, WHO stated that 300,000 cases were reported to be diagnose and treated, and others died or lived with a disability based on the non-availability of the novel drugs, high toxicity, and development of resistance to the drug by the parasite. Therefore, using plant extract is fast becoming the choice for treating the disease. This study investigated the in-vitro and in-vivo trypanosomal activities of Garcinia kola (Bitter kola) aqueous seed extract as an alternative replacement for Diamininzene aceturate drug in the treatment of Trypanosomiasis Disease using animal modeling. The extract was obtained through the Maceration method with distilled water, and photochemical analysis was performed using various standard methods. In-vitro activity of the extract and Diaminizene aceturate drug was determined using rapid matching techniques at 3 hours post incubation with different doses of the extract and 3.5 mg/kg/bw of standarrd drug. In-vivo study was conducted using sixty-two (62) Wister rats divided into ten groups. Group A (standard control): noninfected and non-treated but received 10mL of distilled water; Group (B-H) were infected by intraperitoneal inoculation of 1mL of parasitized blood containing 1.0×105/ml of T. brucei gambianse parasites and treated with different doses of Garcinia kola seed extract, 200, 400 – 1400 mg/kg/bw; Group I: infected and treated with standard drug dose (Standard control); Group J: infected and untreated (Pathological control). The treatment lasted for 21 days at 3-day intervals. Data were analyzed statistically using Anova Turkeys post hoc SPSS version 2.0 software, with a significant difference at 0.01. The result revealed the photochemical components of the seed as Flavonoids, Steroids, tannins, saponins, Anthraquinones, glycosides, and carbohydrates. Garcinia kola seed extract exhibited trypanosostatic at doses of <400 mg and trypanocidal activity at doses > 400 mg in both in vitro and in v and in vivo, compared with trypanocidal activity of standard drug dose at 3.5 mg/kg/bw. Garcinia kola aqueous seed extract possesses trypanosostatic and trypanocidal effects in both In vivo and In vitro. Diamininzene aceturate drug proved to be trypanocidal at standard recommended dose. This study revealed that Garcinia kola aqueous seed extract might be used to design an alternative drug for treating trypanosomiasis disease at a lower concentration of 200mg/kg/BW.