Inhibiting Acid Formation and Oxidation of Groundnut Oil Biodiesel Using Green Additives
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Published:
Aug 25, 2023
Keywords:
Additives, biodiesel, ginger rhizome, onion bulb, storability
Main Article Content
Abstract
The engine performance of biodiesel had become a major concern. Improving the acid and oxidation stability of groundnut oil biodiesel (GOME), with various plant waste extracts, was carried out on in this study. Freshly prepared GOME was blended with onion extract (OE) and ginger extract (JE), at the rate of 100:1 parts per million, and stored at a temperature of 30±50C for 28 days. At the end of the experimental period, the acid content and oxidation value of the biodiesel treated with both natural additives, were lower when compared to the biodiesel with additives. It was observed that untreated GOME acid value increased from 1.37 - 2.23 mgKOH/g, the acid value of the GOME containing OE increased from 1.35 – 1.81 mgKOH/g, and the acid
content of the GOME treated with JE increased from 1.34 – 1.94 mgKOH/g. Regarding the oxidation stability, it was observed that the un-amended GOME oxidative stability decreased from 3.14 h to 2.44 h, the GOME amended with OE additive declined from 5.37 to 4.57 h, while the GOME treated with JE additive decreased from 4.99 h to 4.21 h. The findings of this study had revealed that incorporating natural additives into GOME, yield biodiesel with better oxidation stability. It was also noted that the blended GOME met the ASTM approved recommendation for biodiesel; unlike the results recorded for the GOME that was untreated with the natural additives.
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Edema, O. S. (2023). Inhibiting Acid Formation and Oxidation of Groundnut Oil Biodiesel Using Green Additives. ABUAD International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 3(2), 42-46. https://doi.org/10.53982/aijnas.2023.0302.06-j
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.09.011
Amran, N.N., Bello, U. and Syafiq, Ruslan, M.S.H. (2022). The role of antioxidants in improving biodiesel's oxidative stability, poor cold flow properties, and the effects of the duo on engine performance: A review.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09846
Heliyon 8: e09846 - e09860
Ashraful, A.M., Masjuki, H.H., Kalam, M.A., Fattah, I.M.R., Imtenan, S., Shahir, S.A. & Mobarak, H.M. (2014). Production and comparison of fuel properties, engine performance and emission characteristics of
biodiesel from various Non-edible vegetable oils: A review. Energy Conservation Management, 80, 202-228.
Awad, N.A., Mohamed E., Emad, H.E., Ahmed, S.M. I., Yasser, S.G.A., Mohamed, S.G., Reda, M.Y.Z., Rokayya, S., Ebtihal, K., Uguru, H., & Khaled, S. (2022). Evaluation of the effect of elite jojoba strains
on the chemical properties of its seed oil. Molecules, 27, 3904 - 3913
Beautin Nirsha, R., Anish, C.I., Danielsam, N., Sanith S., Gobalakrishnan, S., Jaya Rajan, M., Mahmoud, H., Amal. A.A., Sami, R., Rada, M., Zewail, Y., Uguru, H., Aljuraide, N.I., & Murthy C. (2022).
Characterization and Dye Removal application Using Initiated Carbon Originated from rubber seed shell Biomass. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy. 17, 152-158
Devi, A., Barman, R. & Deka, D. (2016). Designer biodiesel: an optimization of fuel quality by blending multiple oils, proceedings of the first international conference on recent advances in bioenergy research.
Springer Proceedings in Energy, 131-48.
Devi, A., Das, V.K., & Deka, D. (2017). Ginger extract as a nature based robust additive and its influence on the oxidation stability of biodiesel synthesized from non-edible oil. Fuel, 187, 306-314.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.09.063
Dunn, R.O. (2008). Antioxidants for improving the storage stability of biodiesel. Biofuels, Bioproducts Biorefining, 2(4), 304 - 318
https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.83
Eboibi, O., & Uguru, H.E. (2017). Storage conditions effect on physical, mechanical and textural properties of intact cucumber (cv Nandini) fruit. International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research. 7,
48 - 56.
Eboibi, O., Akpokodje, O.I., Nyorere, O., Oghenerukevwe, P., & Uguru, H. (2021). Effect of pre-harvest applications of organic manure and calcium chloride on the storability of tomato fruits. Annals
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2021.10.001
of Agricultural Sciences, 66, 142-151
Eboibi, O., Edafiadhe, E.D., & Uguru H. (2022). Comparative analysis of the fuel properties of biodiesel produced from different groundnut varieties. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research, 8(9), 10-23
Edafeadhe, G.O.I., & Uguru, H. (2020). Effect of pre-harvest treatment on the tensile and biochemical properties of okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus L) Fibre. Direct Research Journal of Chemistry and Material
Science. 7(1), 7-11
Edema, O.S., Ekperi, R.E., Akpokodje, O.I. & Agbabi, P.E.O. (2022). A comparative study of the effect of field practices on the fuel properties of groundnut kernels biodiesel. International Journal of Natural
https://doi.org/10.53982/aijnas.2022.0203.01-j
and Applied Sciences, 2(3), 132-138
Bianchin, M., Pereira, D., Reis, A.S., Almeida, J.F., Silva, L.D., Moura, C., & Carpes, S.T. (2017). Rosemary essential oil and lyophilized extract as natural antioxidant source to prevent lipid oxidation
https://doi.org/10.19026/ajfst.13.5070
in pork sausage. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, 13(5), 210-217.
Ekruyota, O.G. & Uguru, H. (2021). Characterizing the mechanical properties of eggplant (Melina F1) fruits, for the design and production of agricultural robots. Direct Research Journal of Engineering and
https://doi.org/10.26765/DRJEIT13383770
Information Technology. 8, 21-29
Ekruyota, O.G., Akpenyi-Aboh, O.N., & Uguru, H. (2021). Evaluation of the mechanical properties of tomato (Cv. Roma) fruits as related to the design of harvesting and packaging autonomous system.
https://doi.org/10.26765/DRJAFS76837667
Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science, 9, 174-180
Hazrat, M.A. Rasul, M.G., & Khan, M.M.K. (2021). Techniques to improve the stability of biodiesel: a review, Environmental Chemistry Letter. 19(3), 2209-2236.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01166-8
Kumar, N. (2017). Oxidative stability of biodiesel: Causes, effects and prevention. Fuel, 190, 328-350.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.11.001
Liang, Y.C., May, C.Y., Foon, C.S., Ngan, M., Hock, C.C., & Basiron, Y. (2006). The effect of natural and synthetic antioxidants on the oxidative stability of palm diesel. Fuel, 85(5), 867-870.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2005.09.003
Monirul, I.M. (2017). Influence of poly(methyl acrylate) additive on cold flow properties of coconut biodiesel blends and exhaust gas emissions, Renew. Energy 101:702-712.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.09.020
Nuhanovic, M., Topalovic, A., Culum, D. and Ibragic, S. (2018). The effectiveness of natural and synthetic antioxidant additives on the oxidation stability of biodiesel synthesized from fresh and waste sunflower
https://doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v10i7.1174
oil. Orbital: The Electronic Journal of Chemistry, 10(7), 535-542.
Obukoeroro, J. & Uguru, H.E. (2021). Evaluation of the mechanical and electrical properties of carbon black/carbonized snail shell powder hybridized conductive epoxy composite. International Journal
of Innovative Scientific & Engineering Technologies Research, 9(1), 39-49
Prasad, S.S., & Singh, A. (2020). Economic feasibility of biodiesel production from pongamia oil on the island of vanua levu, SN Applied Science, 2(6), 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2883-0
Sanmartin, C., Venturi, F., Sgherri, C., Nari, A.,Macaluso, M., Flamini, G., Quartacci, M.F., Taglieri, I., Andrich, G. & Zinnai, A. (2018). The effects of packaging and storage temperature on the shelf-life
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00888
of extra virgin olive oil. Heliyon, 4(11), 888-918.
Sousa, L. S.; Moura, C. V. R.; Oliveira, J. E.; Moura, E. M. (2014). Use of natural antioxidants in soybean biodiesel. Fuel, 134, 420-428
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.06.007
Tang, H., Wang, A., Salley, S.O.and Simon Ng, K.Y. (2008). The effect of natural and synthetic antioxidants on the oxidative stability of biodiesel. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-008-1208-z
85,373-382
Uguru, H., Akpokodje, O.I., & Irtwange, S.V. (2019). Mechanical behaviour of common bean (cv. Butter) seeds as affected by maturation. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 8(2), 1-12.
https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2019/v8i216989
Uguru, H., Akpokodje, O.I., & Agbi, G.G. (2021). Assessment of spatial variability of heavy metals (Pb and Al) in alluvial soil around Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Southern Nigeria.
https://doi.org/10.46592/turkager.2021.v02i02.017
Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research (TURKAGER), 2(2). 450-459.
Uguru, H., Akpokodje, O.I., Hemdan, D.I., Sami, R., Helal, M., Aljahani, A.H., Ashour, A.A., & Algehainy, N.A. (2023). Effectiveness of plant oil in stabilizing the antioxidants, phenolic compounds
and antimicrobial effects of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L) oil. Materials Express, 13,704-716
https://doi.org/10.1166/mex.2023.2389
Uyeri, C., & and Uguru, H. (2018). Compressive resistance of groundnut kernels as influenced by kernel size. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 3(4), 1-7.
https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2018/v3i416887