Effects of Variations in Sodium Chloride Concentrations on the Biodegradation of Heptane by Alcaligenes species
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Conventional mineral salts medium (MSM) had been used for many years. A modification of the concentration of sodium chloride was attempted in this work to observe the effect or otherwise on microbial activities in reaction tubes. This study was undertaken to assess the biodegradation potentials of Alcaligenes species on heptane.
Results showed the hydrocarbon degrading ability of Alcaligenes sp. under varying concentrations of sodium chloride salt for a period of sixteen (16) days at two to four days interval. Due to its rapid rate of multiplication, a steady increase in bacterial growth was observed during the experiment. Alcaligenes sp. showed appreciable growth on heptane with a reading of 6.5x108cfu/ml on Day 16. Also, the regeneration rate of Alcaligenes sp. was found to be rapid on heptane in the presence of 4M concentration of NaCl with a reading of 1.18x109cfu/ml on Day 16. This study shows that increased sodium chloride concentration aids the utilization of heptane by Alcaligenes sp. Hence, Alcaligenes sp. is a promising isolate that can be used for the bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated sites in saline environment.
Downloads
Article Details
Authors hold the copyright of all published articles except otherwise stated.
References
Adam, T., Taylor, D.G., Leadin, S.K., Adam, K., Mohamed, T., Arturo, A-M., Andrew, S.B. and Esmaeil, S. (2019). Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in terrestrial ecosystems-Fate and microbial response. Molecules, 24(18): 3400.
Adekunle, A.A. and Adebambo, O.A. (2007). Petroleum hydrocarbon utilization by fungi isolated from Detarium senegalensis (J.F. Gmelin) seeds. Journal of American Science, 3:69-76.
Adetitun, D.O., Olayemi, A.B., Kolawole, O. M. and Fathepure, B. (2016). Molecular identification of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria isolated from alfisol-loam experimentally-contaminated with gasoline. Biokemistri, 28(3):135-143.
Adetitun, D.O., Fathepure, B., Hugh, H., Kolawole, O.M. and Olayemi, A.B. (2019). Degradation of hydrocarbons and lignin-like compounds by Alcaligenes sp. strain 3k isolated from Ilorin. Pollution, 5(2):269-277.
Adetitun, D.O. (2020). Different approaches to the biodegradation of hydrocarbons in halophilic and non-halophilic environments. In: Current Microbiological Research in Africa, Selected Applications for Sustainable Environmental Management. Editors: Akebe Luther King Abia and Guy R. Lanza. Published by Springer Nature
Switzerland. ISBN: 978-3-030-35295-0.
Ajay, K.P. and Vinay, D. (2012). Biodegradation of Azo Dye Reactive Red BL by Alcaligenes sp. AA09. International Journal of Engineering and Science, 1(12):54-60.
Ali, N., Dashti, N., Khanafer, M., Al-Awadhi, H. and Radwan, S. (2020). Bioremediation of soils saturated with spilled crude oil. Scientific Reports, 10:1116.
Chaillan, F., Chaineau, C.H., Point, V., Saliot, A, and Oudot, J. (2006). Factors inhibiting bioremediation
of soil contaminated with weathered oils and drill cuttings. Environmental Pollution, 144(1):255-265.
Das, N. and Chandran, P. (2011). Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants: An Overview. Biotechnology Research International, 2011:1-13.
Ellis, E.C. (2011). Anthropogenic transformation of the terrestrial biosphere. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical Engineering Sciences, 369:1010-1035.
Fawole, M.O. and Oso, B.A. (2007). Laboratory manual of microbiology, Spectrum Books Limited, Ibadan, Nigeria. pp.127.
Gadd, G.M. (2007). Geomycology: Biogeochemical transformations of rocks, minerals, metals and radionuclides by fungi, bioweathering and bioremediation. Mycology Research, 111:3-49.
Ghazali, F.M., Rahman, R.N.Z.A, Salleh, A.B. and Basri, M. (2004). Biodegradation of hydrocarbons in soil by microbial consortium. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 54:61-67.
Igwo-Ezikpe, M., Gbenle, O.G., Ilori, M.O. and Okpuzor, J. (2009). Evaluation of Alcaligenes faecalis degradation of chrysene and diesel oil with concomitant production of biosurfactant. Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology, 3(4): 19-169.
Ijah, U.J. and Antai, S.P. (2003). Removal of Nigerian light crude oil in soil over a 12-month period. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 51:93–99.
Kim, S., Cho, D.H., Sim, D.S. and Oh, Y. (2005). Evaluation of bioremediation effectiveness on crude oil-contaminated sand. Chemosphere, 59: 845- 852.
Le-Borgne, S., Paniagua, D. and Vazquez-Duhalt, R. (2008). Biodegradation of organic pollutants by halophilic bacteria and archaea. Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, 15: 74-92.
Masih, A. and Taneja, A. (2006). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations and related carcinogenic potencies in soil at a semi-arid region of India. Chemosphere, 65:449-456.
Meng, L., Liu, H., Bao, M., and Sun, P. (2016). Microbial community structure shifts are associated with temperature, dispersants and nutrients in crude oil contaminated seawaters. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 111(1-2):203-212.
Okoro, C.C. and Amund, O. O. (2015). Biodegradation of produce water hydrocarbons by pure cultures of Alcaligenes sp. Journal of American Science, 6(4): 109-111.
Oren, O. (2002). Diversity of halophilic microorganisms: Environments, phylogeny, physiology, and applications. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 28:56-63.
Uzukwu, C. (2017). The biodegradation of hydrocarbons using open mixed culture for microbial enhanced oil recovery and bioremediation. Water Science and Technology, 26:243-249.
Van Hamme, J.D., Singh, A., and Ward, O.P. (2003). Recent advances in petroleum microbiology. Microbiology and Molecular Reviews, 67:503-549.
Varjani, S.J., and Gnansounou, E. (2017). Microbial dynamics in petroleum oilfields and their relationship with physiological properties of petroleum oil reservoirs. Bioresource Technology, 245:1258-1265