An Ethnobotanical Study of Herbal Contraceptives Used by Local Medicine Practitioners in Bida, Niger State, Nigeria
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Abstract
Background/Aim: Most plants are naturally endowed with curative abilities now commonly sourced in phytotherapy. Medicinal plants usage for regulating fertility in Nigeria is popular due to their effectiveness, cheapness, easy accessibility and minimal side effects. Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with about 218.5 million people as at 2021 and 232.68 - 237.5 million in late 2024 to 2025 mid-year; where birth rate outnumbers the death rate and most users are young women who prefer the medicaments after sexual intercourse; so, there is the need to control birth rate to prevent further escalation in population growth. Methods: Questionnaires were administered to both the Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs) and users of herbal birth control medicines in three major markets in Bida metropolis, Niger state. Results: Data presented are from the ethnobotanical survey from 220 participants. The names of the plants used as contraceptives or abortifacients and the methods of preparation of these recipes are presented. The results from the survey contained 26 species of medicinal plants including Crotalaria mucronata, Mangifera indica, Securidaca longepedunculata and Vernonia amygdalina. The most frequently used plants for contraception or abortifacient are Newbouldia laevis, Ricinus communis and Azadirachta indica. Conclusion: Further pharmacological screening into the reported plants distributed in 28 genera belonging to 24 families is strongly suggested to ascertain or disprove the claims of the TMPs.
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