ABUAD International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences

Geoelectrical Investigation of the Groundwater Potential in Eti-Osa, Lagos State, Nigeria

Adewole Michael Gbadebo — 2024-12-06

An electrical resistivity survey was conducted in Eti-Osa, Lagos State, Nigeria, to characterize the subsurface lithologic units, delineate the underlying aquifer, and assess groundwater potential. The study utilized an ABEM SAS 1000 terrameter for the data acquisition. Eight vertical electrical soundings were carried out using the Schlumberger electrode configuration. Data interpretation, both qualitative and quantitative, was presented through tables, charts, and sections. The interpreted geoelectric models revealed three to five layers with varying lithologies, including topsoil, sand, silty sand, sandy clay, silty clay, and clay. The first geoelectric layer, with resistivity values ranging from 8 Ωm to 320 Ωm, is relatively thin, with a thickness between 0.4 m and 3 m. The second layer exhibits thicknesses of 1.3 m to 15 m and resistivity variation between 1.5 Ωm to 185 Ωm. The third layer varies in thickness from 1 m to 36 m, with varying resistivity between 9 Ωm to 335 Ωm. The fourth geoelectric layer has a thickness range of 5 m to 20 m and resistivity values between 1.6 Ωm and 193 Ωm. The basement resistivity ranges from 3 Ωm to 361 Ωm. The study identified the sand layers, particularly at VES points 1, 2, 3, and 8, as the most promising for groundwater extraction. In contrast, VES points 4 and 5 are less favorable, and points 6 and 7 may yield lower-quality water. It is recommended that boreholes be drilled to depths greater than 20 meters at VES sites 1, 2, 3, and 8 for optimal water quantity and quality. However, sites 3 and 8 may be at risk of contamination due to shallower depths.

Understanding the Role of Sports and Physical Activity in Promoting Inclusion and Quality of Life for Individuals with Intellectual Disability

Boluwaji Jaiyesimi — 2024-12-06

Every child that is born with expectation of living and fulfilling life’s expectancy. The quality of life approach focuses on what is most important to every individual. However, each child is born with different challenges and peculiarity in the area of intellectual capacity. The condition could be present at birth as a congenital abnormality. An individual may be physically fit with no brain or body abnormalities and yet be mentally disabled. The terms mild, moderate, severe and profound are often used to classify intellectual disability. In view of this, it has been observed that poor motor control, high physical demand, fear of accident and social exclusion could limit the involvement of persons with intellectual disability in activities related to sport or physical activity. Therefore, it is needful to achieve social inclusion and quality of life for persons with intellectual disability through sports and physical activity.

CONSUMER’S ACCEPTABILITY OF YOGHURT STABILIZED WITH PUMPKIN (Curcubita pepo L.) STARCH

RUTH ADETUNJI — 2024-12-06

This research was carried out to determine the possibility of adding pumpkin starch to yoghurt production to improve its physical and sensory properties. Pumpkin yoghurt was made with pumpkin starch at 0% and 1% inclusion, while commercial yoghurt was used as a control and was evaluated by thirty (30) untrained panelists on taste, aroma, consistency, appearance, sourness, and overall acceptability. The results showed significant (p<0.05) differences in the physical parameters of the pumpkin starch yoghurt. The viscosity (3.98), pH (4.90-5.66) and total titratable acidity (0.74%) were observed to be significantly higher in yoghurt with pumpkin starch compared to the control. The syneresis reduced with an increase in pumpkin starch from 3.95-4.70 g/100g on day 0 and increased to 4.80-5.28 g/100g on day 14. There was no significant difference in the consistency of the commercial yoghurt (PYO) and 1% Pumpkin starch yoghurt (PY1) in the overall acceptance score. This study revealed that adding 1% pumpkin starch produces better preference among panelists in appearance, colour, and texture.

Effect of aqueous extract of Mondia whitei fruits on high sucrose-induced oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster

Olusola Adewale — 2024-12-06

Background/Aim: High sugar intake plays an important role in oxidative stress, which has been linked to development of diseases like diabetes. In this study, the effect of aqueous extract of Mondia whitei (AEMW) fruits on high sucrose-induced oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster was investigated. Materials and Methods: Adult flies (1 – 3 days old) were exposed to graded doses of AEMW for 12 days to determine the safe dose. Based on this, new flies were grouped into 5 (n = 5; 40 flies per vial). Group 1 served as control and were fed with basal diet, and group 2 with basal diet containing 30% sucrose. Groups 3 and 4, in addition to diet containing 30 % sucrose, were exposed to 0.25 and 0.5 mg AEMW/g diet, respectively, and group 5 flies were exposed to diet containing 0.5 mg AEMW/g diet only. Treatment lasted for 7 days. Biochemical assays such as glucose level, markers of antioxidant and oxidative stress were carried out to assess the effect of high sucrose and/or AEMW on flies. Results: Doses of AEMW up to 0.5 mg/g diet was safe for the flies. High sucrose diet significantly (p < 0.05) increased the level of glucose and oxidative stress markers, and reduced the levels of antioxidant parameters when compared to the control. These changes were prevented by the doses of AEMW. Conclusion: It can be concluded that AEMW possesses anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant properties, and could be suggested to act against oxidative stress induced by high sucrose in fruit flies.

Sport Event Planning and Execution: Leveraging Workflow Gantt and Process Flow Charts as Project Management Tools

Boluwaji Jaiyesimi — 2024-12-06

Effective planning and execution are critical success factors for sport events of all scales. This paper explores the application of workflow charts as a project management tool to streamline and optimize the sport event lifecycle. Workflow charts offer a visual representation of tasks, decision points, and processes, facilitating better communication, resource allocation, and risk mitigation among stakeholders. The study examines the advantages of integrating workflow charts, including the identification of bottlenecks, incorporation of contingency plans, progress monitoring, and data-driven decision-making. Additionally, the paper highlights the importance of a collaborative approach, involving diverse stakeholders and leveraging their respective expertise throughout the event planning and execution phases. Case studies were presented, demonstrating the implementation of workflow charts in the organization and logistics of a major university sports event. The findings underscore the potential of workflow charts to enhance efficiency, transparency, and accountability, ultimately contributing to the successful delivery of memorable and impactful sport event experiences. Furthermore, the paper discusses the integration of project management tools such as Gantt charts and risk management matrices, emphasizing the value of a comprehensive project management framework in the sports industry.

Heavy metal intrusion and geospatial analysis of groundwater resources in Isoko North Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria.

Michael Oyem — 2024-12-06

Abstract

This study examined the spatial variation in the intrusion of heavy metals in underground water resources of Isoko North Local Government Area, Delta State, where it conducted a comparative study from ten (10) spatially distributed boreholes, for possible intrusion of the pathogen. The data that was produced were subjected to Heavy Metal Index (HMI) technique to analyse the significant contamination rate in the samples extracted from the study area (using the World Health Organisation Standard and the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality as the Control Variable). The result of the analysis showed that the undergroundwater there has slightly higher concentrations of Iron and lead than any other parameters. Lead (Ppm) has a range of values of 0.11 to 0.18, with areas like Owhelogho (0.18), Iyede (0.18) and Ellu (0.17) having higher values than others. The range of value for Iron (Ppm) is 0.31 to 0.43, with all the areas having significant values slightly higher than the WHO and NSDWQ standard of 0.3. The study identified places where heavy metals intrusion is prevalent, also a substantial association between pollutant from host rocks and groundwater supplies. The heavy metal index evaluation revealed a class "II" grade, indicating the presence of lead and iron oxide in modest quantities, although its presence is a cause for concern for the well-being of borehole water consumers.The statistics are quite close to the next class on the indexing chart, which is "slightly affected". Any small infiltration raises the stakes to the next level.

Mondia whitei fruit extract abates cadmium chloride-induced nephrotoxicity via the suppression of oxidative stress in rats

Scholastica Onyebuchi Anadozie — 2024-12-06

Cadmium (Cd) is an industrial heavy metal that causes toxic effects to several body organs including the kidney. Medicinal plants are used in managing various diseases caused by environmental toxicants. This study aimed to evaluate the protective ability of Mondia whitei fruit extract (MWE) against nephrotoxicity induced by CdCl₂ exposure in Wistar rats. Twenty-five male Wistar rats of 90 to 130 g body weight (b.w) were used in this study. The animals were indiscriminately assigned to five groups of five animals per group. The control group were rats in group I, whereas group II to V rats were orally administered CdCl₂ (5 mg/kg body weight (b.w)) for 5 days. Simultaneously, the rats in group III to V were co-treated with 70 mg/kg b.w of silymarin, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w of MWE, respectively. The CdCl₂ significantly (p < 0.05) increased the levels of serum renal biomarkers such as urea and creatinine, total protein and albumin. Furthermore, a substantial (p < 0.05) elevation in the nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and a concomitant (p < 0.05) reduction in the kidney activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione transferase (GST), and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) were observed in the CdCl₂-intoxicated rats. Alterations in the kidney's histology were also noted. Nonetheless, treatment with MWE markedly returned to normal the levels of serum kidney parameters and tissue NO and MDA. In addition, the MWE significantly (p < 0.05) elevated tissue antioxidant levels and restored the kidney histology. The result of this study suggest that MWE could potentially serve as an alternative therapy in managing CdCl₂-induced nephrotoxicity.

Hydrocarbon Potential Evaluation of Chad Basin, Northeastern Nigeria Using High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Data

Akindeji Fajana — 2024-12-06

A cost-effective and non-intrusive aeromagnetic geophysical technique was utilized to reduce exploration uncertainty in the Chad Basin, which is believed to have significant hydrocarbon potential despite limited exploration due to its remote and challenging terrain. By analyzing various derivatives and magnetic attributes extracted from filtered and enhanced aeromagnetic data, the study aimed to highlight potential areas for hydrocarbon generation and preservation, allowing for more focused and detailed geophysical exploration efforts. This study produced several key maps, including a total magnetic intensity map (ranging from -168.7 to 224.8 nT), a reduction to equator map (ranging from -156.8 to 207.9 nT), and depth analysis, which helped delineate the structural framework and sedimentary thicknesses within the basin. Quantitative interpretation of these maps, along with the analytic depth map (ranging from 22.1 to 5649.3 m), tilt depth map (ranging from -76.50 to 80.40), and first and second vertical derivatives maps (ranging from -0.097 to 0.086 nT/m and -0.000240 to 0.000236 nT/m, respectively), was employed to detect geological features and thick sedimentary fills sufficient to create or trap hydrocarbons. Depth estimates indicate that the shallow sources range between 22 and 230 m, while deeper sources fall between 2747 and 6000 m, suggesting sufficient sedimentary fill for hydrocarbon generation. The basin is characterized by large sedimentary deposits that are bounded by structural features such as folds, faults, and fractures. The northern part of the basin, trending towards the northwest, eastern edge, and parts of the south, showed active structural features, including anticlines, synclines, and fractures, which are essential for petroleum trapping. These findings, coupled with the identified thicknesses and favorable structural disposition, suggest that the Chad Basin holds high potential for hydrocarbon accumulation, making it a prospective region for further exploration with more detailed geophysical methods.

Quality Teaching in Ekiti State Secondary Schools: An Application of Ordinal Logistic Regression

Mumini Idowu Adarabioyo — 2024-12-06

This study investigates the quality of teaching in secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria, using ordinal logistic regression to examine the impact of teacher demographics and teaching practices on student performance. The research focuses on teachers from six selected secondary schools within Ado-Ekiti, comprising a sample of 295 educators. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered via Google Forms and shared on WhatsApp platforms of the respondents. The study analyzes factors such as age, gender, educational background, teaching experience, lesson planning, technology integration, teaching methods, assessment practices, feedback provision, and professional development. Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression were employed to assess the significance of these variables on student performance outcomes. Results indicate that older teachers and female educators positively influence student performance, while frequent integration of technology and rigid lesson planning negatively impact outcomes. The study also finds that regular feedback and active student participation significantly enhance performance. However, attending professional development workshops and the availability of teaching resources showed unexpected negative associations with student performance, suggesting potential issues with the applicability or effectiveness of these resources and training. The study highlights the importance of adaptive teaching methods, supportive administrative practices, and active student engagement in improving educational quality. These findings provide valuable insights for policy makers and educators aiming to enhance teaching effectiveness and student learning in secondary schools in Ekiti State.

PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF HEPATITIS C INFECTION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN ILORIN, KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

Mutiat Odebisi-Omokanye — 2024-12-06

^{Hepatitis C virus (HCV) poses a significant risk to the well-being of pregnant women and their offspring with about 1.5 million new infections occurring annually. The data on the prevalence and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Nigeria remains limited. This study therefore aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of hepatitis C infection among pregnant women in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. This cross-sectional study enrolled 180 eligible pregnant women who visited and received antenatal care at Cottage and Civil Service Hospitals in Ilorin, Nigeria between November 2021 and January 2022. Demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire while the antibody screening was via Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The data were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 26 at p<0.05 significant level. Of the 180 pregnant women, 8 (4.4%) were positive for HCV. The highest proportion of HCV positivity was recorded among women aged 20-30 years (75%), those with tertiary education (100%), Civil Servants (100%), married women (100%), and those in the second trimester gestational age (100%). Furthermore, 87.5% of HCV-positive patients had a history of blood transfusion and 62.5% reported scarification. However, no significant statistical association was recorded between demographic characteristics, risk factors, and HCV seropositivity (p ˃ 0.05). Although the prevalence of active HCV infection among pregnant women in Ilorin was low, the outcome underscores the importance of routine screening of pregnant women for HCV to prevent maternal and neonatal complications in line with Sustainable Development Goal 3 on good health and wellbeing. This warrants further research for comprehensive data on HCV prevalence among pregnant women across Nigeria.}

Urine Proteomics in Schistosoma haematobium-induced Bladder Cancer

Salim Aminu — 2024-12-06

Schistosomiasis, or Bilharziasis, is a neglected tropical disease caused by Schistosoma parasites, which significantly impacts public health, particularly in Africa. Schistosoma haematobium, the primary species responsible for urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS), is associated with severe chronic conditions, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder. This review explores the pathogenesis of UGS and its link to bladder cancer, highlighting the molecular mechanisms involved. The chronic inflammation caused by S. haematobium eggs leads to tissue damage, fibrosis, and granuloma formation, creating a pre-cancerous environment. Notably, the role of the p53 pathway in UGS-associated bladder cancer is emphasized, with mutations in the TP53 gene and overexpression of p53 contributing to genetic instability and malignant transformation. Additionally, the review discusses the presence of oestrogen-like metabolites in the urine of UGS patients, which are suspected to be involved in carcinogenesis through an oestrogen-DNA adduct-mediated pathway. Mass spectrometric analysis of urine samples from UGS patients revealed specific metabolites, including 8-oxodG, a marker of oxidative DNA damage, which could serve as potential biomarkers for early detection and progression of bladder cancer. The urine proteome profiling also identified distinct molecular pathways activated in UGS-related bladder cancer, including Th2-type immune responses, oxidative stress, and inflammation. These findings underscore the need for further research into the host-parasite interactions and the development of diagnostic biomarkers for schistosome-induced carcinogenesis. Understanding these mechanisms could enhance treatment strategies and improve prevention efforts for UGS-related bladder cancer, particularly in endemic regions where the disease burden remains high.

The Potential Risk Factors Affecting Students’ Academic Performance in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.

Kehinde Adigun — 2025-01-07

Academic attainment is a key factor that is required of would-be employees in any establishment. This study aimed at determining the effect of family factors, personal factors, peer-pressure factors and other factors on students’ academic performance. Data on basic factors that affect students’ performances were obtained with the use of structured questionnaire, 100 questionnaires were distributed to students in the study area, out of which 42 of the students were male and 58 were female, the questionnaire consists of two sections, section A of the questionnaire sourced information on the socio-demographic profile of the respondents while section B was based on questions on a 5-point Likert scale that were categorized into four groups. Each of the categories consisted of five questions. The collected data were analyzed using multiple regression (matrix notation) approach. The results indicated that peer-pressure, family factors and personal factors had effect on students’ academic performance in higher institutions while some other factors such as extra-curricular activities, parental income and socio-economic status also had effects on the students’ performance in higher institutions. The study concluded that apart from solid and sound secondary school background, which impact positively on students’ academic performance, family background, social economic status and school environment play a crucial role in students’ academic performance.

Analytical Modelling of Fault Seal Effectiveness in Hydrocarbon Reservoirs: A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach

Akindeji Opeyemi Fajana — 2025-01-03

Faults in hydrocarbon reservoirs significantly influence fluid flow behavior, making the prediction of fault seal effectiveness critical in reservoir management. This study introduces the FAULT-SEAL Evaluation Model (FSEM), leveraging a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) framework. By integrating geological, geophysical, and fluid-related factors, FSEM assigns weights to key parameters, emphasizing the dominant role of clay smears and gouge composition (global weight: 0.8417) in fault-sealing potential. The Shale Gouge Ratio (SGR) and clay content emerged as the most sensitive parameters, with changes of up to 30% impacting fault seal effectiveness by as much as 0.12, underscoring their importance in fluid migration control. Fault throw and offset, with a moderate weight of 0.6262, significantly influenced the juxtaposition of rock types and sealing capacity, while stress conditions, particularly pore pressure (weight: 0.2999), moderately affected seal integrity, highlighting the need to monitor in-situ stress regimes. Validation through sensitivity analysis confirmed the model’s robustness and reliability, with a Consistency Ratio (CR) of -0.0543, ensuring minimal inconsistency in the decision matrix. These findings underscore the critical role of clay-rich fault zones in hydrocarbon trapping and the importance of detailed fault rock characterization. The FSEM offers a scalable, data-driven tool capable of generating faster, more accurate fault seal predictions, advancing exploration and production strategies. By integrating machine learning techniques and decision frameworks, the model provides an innovative approach to optimizing hydrocarbon recovery in faulted reservoirs.

Exploring the in-vitro and in-vivo trapanosomal Activities of Gacinia kola (Bitter kola) Seed Aqueous Extract using Animal Models

Moses Oluwaseun Abiodun — 2025-01-03

Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) is a significant disease of economic and public health importance caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambianse parasite that affects humans. In 2014, WHO stated that 300,000 cases were reported to be diagnose and treated, and others died or lived with a disability based on the non-availability of the novel drugs, high toxicity, and development of resistance to the drug by the parasite. Therefore, using plant extract is fast becoming the choice for treating the disease. This study investigated the in-vitro and in-vivo trypanosomal activities of Garcinia kola (Bitter kola) aqueous seed extract as an alternative replacement for Diamininzene aceturate drug in the treatment of Trypanosomiasis Disease using animal modeling. The extract was obtained through the Maceration method with distilled water, and photochemical analysis was performed using various standard methods. In-vitro activity of the extract and Diaminizene aceturate drug was determined using rapid matching techniques at 3 hours post incubation with different doses of the extract and 3.5 mg/kg/bw of standarrd drug. In-vivo study was conducted using sixty-two (62) Wister rats divided into ten groups. Group A (standard control): noninfected and non-treated but received 10mL of distilled water; Group (B-H) were infected by intraperitoneal inoculation of 1mL of parasitized blood containing 1.0×105/ml of T. brucei gambianse parasites and treated with different doses of Garcinia kola seed extract, 200, 400 – 1400 mg/kg/bw; Group I: infected and treated with standard drug dose (Standard control); Group J: infected and untreated (Pathological control). The treatment lasted for 21 days at 3-day intervals. Data were analyzed statistically using Anova Turkeys post hoc SPSS version 2.0 software, with a significant difference at 0.01. The result revealed the photochemical components of the seed as Flavonoids, Steroids, tannins, saponins, Anthraquinones, glycosides, and carbohydrates. Garcinia kola seed extract exhibited trypanosostatic at doses of <400 mg and trypanocidal activity at doses > 400 mg in both in vitro and in v and in vivo, compared with trypanocidal activity of standard drug dose at 3.5 mg/kg/bw. Garcinia kola aqueous seed extract possesses trypanosostatic and trypanocidal effects in both In vivo and In vitro. Diamininzene aceturate drug proved to be trypanocidal at standard recommended dose. This study revealed that Garcinia kola aqueous seed extract might be used to design an alternative drug for treating trypanosomiasis disease at a lower concentration of 200mg/kg/BW.